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Buffer

A unity-gain circuit that presents a high input impedance to the pickup and a low output impedance to the rest of the chain.

Its whole value is impedance conversion. A passive pickup with a high impedance output loses high frequencies into cable capacitance, and the loss grows with every metre of wire and every pedal added. A buffer stops that happening, keeping the top end and the feel of the signal intact through a long chain, which is why almost every tuner pedal and many overdrives include one whether the player knows it or not.

Example: plugging straight into an amp with a three-metre cable and then through ten metres of the same cable makes an audible difference that a buffer removes.

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